lncRNAs in development and differentiation: from sequence motifs to functional characterization

ABSTRACT The number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with characterized developmental and cellular functions continues to increase, but our understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying lncRNA functions, how they are dictated by RNA sequences, remains limited. Relatively short, conserved sequence motifs embedded in transcripts often important determinants localization, stability interactions. Identifying such challenging due substantial length rapid evolutionary turnover sequences. Nevertheless, recent discovery specific elements, together their experimental interrogation, has enabled first step classifying heterogeneous lncRNAs into sub-groups similar functions. In this Review, we focus on roles development, cell differentiation normal physiology vertebrates, discuss elements defining We also summarize progress regulatory as well interaction partners.